1:1-7 -Surah Fatiha: courtesy from Mufti Viqar
1:1-7 Surah Fatiha: courtesy from Mufti Viqar:
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1-📖 Surah al-Fātiḥah (1:1)
🕋 Arabic:
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
🔤 Transliteration:
Bismi Allāhi ar-Raḥmāni ar-Raḥīm
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🧩 Word-by-Word Breakdown
1. بِـ (bi)
Part of speech: Preposition.
Literal meaning: “in, with, by means of, through.”
Usage: Introduces relation/association.
Lexicon (Lane): Expresses instrumentality (“with/by”), circumstance (“in”), or causation (“because of”).
Metaphorical sense: Starting an action while calling upon a higher cause or authority.
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2. اسْم (ism)
Root: س-م-و (samā = to be high, elevated) or و-س-م (wasm = to mark, distinguish).
Form: Noun, singular, masculine.
Literal meaning: “name, designation, sign, mark, reputation.”
Lexicon notes:
Lane: “That by which a thing is known; a distinguishing mark.”
Lisān al-ʿArab: also tied to elevation, “that which raises or exalts.”
Metaphorical sense: The “name” is not just a label — it is the essence, authority, or reputation invoked.
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3. اللَّه (Allāh)
Root: Most agree from al-ilāh = “The God.” Others connect to أَلِهَ (aliha) = to turn in devotion, to seek refuge.
Form: Proper noun, unique in Arabic.
Literal meaning: The One God, The Deity.
Lexicon notes:
Lane: “The only true God; Him who alone deserves worship.”
Cognates: Hebrew Eloah, Aramaic Alāhā.
Metaphorical sense: The ultimate source of existence, the One upon whom all depend.
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4. الرَّحْمَٰن (ar-Raḥmān)
Root: ر-ح-م (raḥima = to show mercy, compassion, tenderness; womb).
Form: Intensive pattern faʿlān = overwhelming, vast quality.
Literal meaning: “The Intensely Merciful / The Universally Compassionate.”
Lexicon notes:
Lane: A form denoting fulness and extensiveness of mercy.
Lisān al-ʿArab: Mercy so vast it encompasses all creation.
Metaphorical sense: God’s universal mercy like a womb that nourishes and sustains all beings, believer or not.
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5. الرَّحِيم (ar-Raḥīm)
Root: Same as above (ر-ح-م).
Form: Pattern faʿīl = continuous, permanent attribute.
Literal meaning: “The Continuously Merciful, Especially Compassionate.”
Lexicon notes:
Lane: Indicates constant and repeated mercy.
Taj al-ʿArūs: Mercy directed especially to those who seek Him.
Metaphorical sense: Not just a one-time act of mercy, but an ongoing relationship of care and guidance.
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📝 Word-for-Word Gloss
“By/with the name (mark/authority) of The God, The Universally Merciful, The Especially Merciful.”
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📖 Full Smooth Translation
“In the name of Allah, the Universally Merciful, the Especially Merciful.”
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🌈 Child-Friendly Explanation
“This verse teaches us to always begin by remembering God. His name means He is the only One, and He is kind like a mother’s love — kind to everyone in the world, and even kinder to those who listen to Him.”
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2-📖 Surah al-Fātiḥah (1:2)
🕋 Arabic:
ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ
🔤 Transliteration:
Al-ḥamdu lillāhi rabbi al-ʿālamīn
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🧩 Word-by-Word Breakdown
1. ٱلْحَمْدُ (al-ḥamdu)
Root: ح-م-د (ḥamida = to praise, to commend, to approve, to express gratitude).
Form: Noun, singular, masculine, definite (with al-).
Literal meaning: “The praise, the commendation, the gratitude.”
Lexicon notes:
Lane: Ḥamd is not mere flattery, but “praise of one for an excellence or benefit, whether freely conferred or deserved.”
Different from shukr (thanks) — ḥamd is more universal, tied to recognizing inherent excellence.
Metaphorical sense: An acknowledgment of perfection, gratitude, and recognition of the source of all good.
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2. لِـ (li)
Part of speech: Preposition.
Meaning: “for, belonging to, directed towards.”
Lexicon notes: Used to indicate possession, dedication, or entitlement.
Sense here: All true praise belongs to God alone.
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3. اللَّهِ (Allāhi)
Same as verse 1 (see above).
Here in genitive case (because of li- preposition).
Sense: The One true God, sole possessor of praise.
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4. رَبِّ (rabbi)
Root: ر-ب-ب (rabb = to nurture, to sustain, to bring something to its completion).
Form: Noun, singular, genitive (connected in an iḍāfah/construct phrase with al-ʿālamīn).
Literal meaning: “Lord, Sustainer, Master, Nurturer, Guardian.”
Lexicon notes:
Lane: Rabb = “he who fosters and brings up a thing in such a manner as to make it attain one condition after another until its completion.”
Carries ideas of ownership, mastery, guardianship, and nurturing.
Metaphorical sense: God as the one who raises, develops, and perfects all creation, like a caretaker who brings something to maturity.
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5. ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ (al-ʿālamīn)
Root: ع-ل-م (ʿalama = to know, to mark, to distinguish).
Form: Plural noun, genitive.
Literal meaning: “worlds, realms, classes of beings.”
Lexicon notes:
Lane: “Sign of God’s existence; every class or kind of created beings, whether rational or not.”
Can mean “universes, peoples, creatures, dimensions.”
Metaphorical sense: All realms of existence, whether seen (humans, animals, plants, earth) or unseen (angels, jinn, cosmic forces).
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📝 Word-for-Word Gloss
“The praise (and gratitude) belongs to Allah, Lord (nurturer, master) of the worlds (all realms of beings).”
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📖 Full Smooth Translation
“All praise and gratitude belong to Allah, the Lord and Nurturer of all the worlds.”
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🌈 Child-Friendly Explanation
“This verse tells us that every good thing, every thank you, and every bit of praise really belongs to God. He is like the teacher, parent, and caretaker of everything — people, animals, stars, plants, even things we can’t see. He looks after them all.”
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3-📖 Surah al-Fātiḥah (1:3)
🕋 Arabic:
ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
🔤 Transliteration:
Ar-Raḥmāni ar-Raḥīm
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🧩 Word-by-Word Breakdown
1. ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ (ar-Raḥmān)
Root: ر-ح-م (raḥima = to show mercy, tenderness, compassion; womb as a place of nurturing).
Form: Noun, pattern faʿlān — indicates overflowing, abundant quality.
Case: Genitive (because it follows from verse 2, in continuation of the praise).
Literal meaning: “The Universally Merciful / The Intensely Compassionate.”
Lexicon notes:
Lane: “Fullness, vastness, and extensiveness of mercy.”
Lisān al-ʿArab: Mercy so complete it embraces all creation.
Connected with the womb (raḥim) — sustenance, unconditional protection.
Metaphorical sense: A mercy that covers believers and non-believers, humans, animals, even atoms — universal provision.
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2. ٱلرَّحِيمِ (ar-Raḥīm)
Root: Same as above (ر-ح-م).
Form: Noun, pattern faʿīl — denotes permanent, continuous quality.
Case: Genitive.
Literal meaning: “The Continuously Merciful, Especially Compassionate.”
Lexicon notes:
Lane: Mercy that is constant and repeatedly applied.
Taj al-ʿArūs: Mercy directed in particular to those who seek closeness.
Metaphorical sense: Ongoing guidance, forgiveness, and nurturing relationship with those who turn back to Him.
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📝 Word-for-Word Gloss
“The Universally Merciful, The Especially and Continuously Merciful.”
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📖 Full Smooth Translation
“The Universally Merciful, the Especially Merciful.”
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🌈 Child-Friendly Explanation
“This verse reminds us again that God is full of kindness. His mercy is so big that it covers everyone and everything, and His mercy is also personal, giving special care to those who listen to Him.”
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4-📖 Surah al-Fātiḥah (1:4)
🕋 Arabic:
مَـٰلِكِ يَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ
🔤 Transliteration:
Māliki yawmi ad-dīn
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🧩 Word-by-Word Breakdown
1. مَـٰلِكِ (Māliki)
Root: م-ل-ك (malaka = to own, to possess, to control, to have power over).
Form: Active participle (fāʿil pattern).
Literal meaning: “Owner, Possessor, Master.”
Lexicon notes:
Lane: “He who has power of disposing, who has command and control.”
Different from ملك (malik) = king, ruler. Mālik emphasizes ownership and control, while malik emphasizes authority and dominion.
Metaphorical sense: God is the One who fully owns and controls what happens on the Day of Return.
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2. يَوْمِ (yawmi)
Root: ي-و-م (yawm = day, period, time).
Form: Noun, genitive.
Literal meaning: “Day, time, period, moment.”
Lexicon notes:
Lane: Can mean a 24-hour day, or a longer “time-span / epoch.”
Qur’ān sometimes uses it as “event, appointed time” (e.g., yawm al-qiyāmah = the Day of Standing).
Metaphorical sense: Not just a “day” in human sense, but the appointed event of accountability.
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3. ٱلدِّينِ (ad-dīn)
Root: د-ي-ن (dāna = to obey, to submit, to owe, to reckon, to judge).
Form: Noun, definite with al-.
Literal meanings (rich word with layers):
1. Law, system, order.
2. Religion, way of life.
3. Debt, obligation.
4. Judgment, requital, recompense.
Lexicon notes:
Lane: “Dīn signifies judgment, requital, and also custom, habit, way of acting.”
Lisān al-ʿArab: “That to which one conforms; obedience and accountability.”
Metaphorical sense: The Day when every deed, debt, and responsibility is brought back and settled in full — ultimate accountability.
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📝 Word-for-Word Gloss
“Master/Owner of the Day (appointed time) of Judgment/Requital.”
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📖 Full Smooth Translation
“Master of the Day of Judgment.”
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🌈 Child-Friendly Explanation
“This verse tells us that God is the true Owner of the Day when everyone’s actions will be shown. On that day, no teacher, parent, king, or leader will be in charge — only God. He will give everyone what they earned, whether good or bad.”
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5-📖 Surah al-Fātiḥah (1:5)
🕋 Arabic:
إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ
🔤 Transliteration:
Iyyāka naʿbudu wa-iyyāka nastaʿīn
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🧩 Word-by-Word Breakdown
1. إِيَّاكَ (iyyāka)
Form: Object pronoun (2nd person singular, accusative).
Meaning: “You alone / only You.”
Lexicon notes:
Lane: Used for exclusivity, to put strong emphasis on the object.
Its position at the start highlights exclusivity: “It is You (and none else).”
Sense: Direct, emphatic address to God — no one else is included.
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2. نَعْبُدُ (naʿbudu)
Root: ع-ب-د (ʿabada = to serve, to devote, to obey, to follow closely).
Form: Verb, imperfect tense, 1st person plural (we).
Literal meaning: “We serve, we devote ourselves, we follow.”
Lexicon notes:
Lane: “ʿIbādah is service, obedience, humility, self-surrender.”
Not only ritual worship — also living in submission to God’s laws.
Related to ʿabd = servant/slave, but in Qur’an sense: voluntary devotion, not forced slavery.
Metaphorical sense: To align every part of life with God’s will, not just prayer but daily conduct.
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3. وَ (wa)
Part of speech: Conjunction.
Meaning: “And.”
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4. إِيَّاكَ (iyyāka)
Repeated again for emphasis.
Sense: “You alone, none else.”
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5. نَسْتَعِينُ (nastaʿīn)
Root: ع-و-ن (ʿāna = to help, assist, support).
Form: Verb, imperfect tense, 1st person plural, Form X (istaʿāna = to seek help).
Literal meaning: “We seek help, we ask for assistance.”
Lexicon notes:
Lane: “To seek aid, succour, strength, support.”
Form X makes it reflexive/request-based: not just help, but actively seeking aid.
Metaphorical sense: Acknowledging dependence on God’s support in all aspects of life.
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📝 Word-for-Word Gloss
“You alone we serve, and You alone we seek help from.”
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📖 Full Smooth Translation
“It is You we serve, and You we ask for help.”
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🌈 Child-Friendly Explanation
“This verse is like saying to God: ‘Only You are our teacher and leader. We want to follow Your rules, and only You can help us do it. We don’t follow anyone else instead of You.’”
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6-📖 Surah al-Fātiḥah (1:6)
🕋 Arabic:
ٱهْدِنَا ٱلصِّرَٰطَ ٱلْمُسْتَقِيمَ
🔤 Transliteration:
Ihdinā aṣ-ṣirāṭa al-mustaqīm
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🧩 Word-by-Word Breakdown
1. ٱهْدِنَا (ihdinā)
Root: ه-د-ي (hadā = to guide, to lead, to show the way).
Form: Verb, imperative, 2nd person singular → “guide!”
Attached pronoun: nā = “us.”
Literal meaning: “Guide us, lead us, show us the way.”
Lexicon notes:
Lane: “To guide aright, to conduct to a right course, to make one attain the right path.”
Includes pointing out the way and enabling one to walk it.
Metaphorical sense: Not only showing direction, but granting ability, strength, and desire to follow it.
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2. ٱلصِّرَٰطَ (aṣ-ṣirāṭa)
Root: ص-ر-ط (ṣaraṭa = to swallow, to consume; pathway that swallows the traveler).
Form: Noun, singular, accusative.
Literal meaning: “Path, road, highway.”
Lexicon notes:
Lane: “A way, a road, a path, a course that is clear and plain.”
Strong imagery: a road so wide and straight that it seems to “swallow up” those who walk on it, carrying them forward.
Metaphorical sense: The clear, straight, divinely-guided way of life.
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3. ٱلْمُسْتَقِيمَ (al-mustaqīm)
Root: ق-و-م (qāma = to stand upright, to rise).
Form: Active participle, Form X (istiqāma = to be straight, upright, firm).
Literal meaning: “The straight, the upright, the firm.”
Lexicon notes:
Lane: “That which is erect, upright, not crooked or bent.”
Related to qiyām (standing, establishing).
Metaphorical sense: The way that is balanced, just, without deviation — God’s direct path that leads securely to the goal.
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📝 Word-for-Word Gloss
“Guide us to the path — the straight, upright one.”
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📖 Full Smooth Translation
“Guide us to the straight path.”
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🌈 Child-Friendly Explanation
“This verse is like asking God: ‘Please show us the right road in life — the road that is clear, safe, and takes us straight to You, without getting lost.’”
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7-📖 Surah al-Fātiḥah (1:7)
🕋 Arabic:
صِرَٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا ٱلضَّآلِّينَ
🔤 Transliteration:
Ṣirāṭa alladhīna anʿamta ʿalayhim ghayri al-maghḍūbi ʿalayhim walā aḍ-ḍāllīn
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🧩 Word-by-Word Breakdown
1. صِرَاطَ (ṣirāṭa)
Root: ص-ر-ط (ṣaraṭa = to swallow, devour; by extension, a road that “swallows” travelers).
Form: Noun, singular, accusative (object of the verb ihdinā from verse 6, continued).
Literal meaning: “Path, road, way.”
Metaphorical sense: A life-course that carries one forward firmly and clearly.
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2. ٱلَّذِينَ (alladhīna)
Root: Derived from relative pronoun alladhī.
Form: Relative pronoun, masculine plural.
Meaning: “Those who.”
Function: Introduces a description of people.
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3. أَنْعَمْتَ (anʿamta)
Root: ن-ع-م (naʿima = to be soft, pleasant, at ease, blessed).
Form: Verb, perfect tense, 2nd person singular (you).
Literal meaning: “You bestowed favor, you blessed, you granted ease.”
Lexicon notes:
Lane: To make a thing pleasant, agreeable, to bestow good.
Often paired with God’s favors: life, guidance, blessings.
Metaphorical sense: Spiritual and material blessings — especially guidance, provision, mercy.
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4. عَلَيْهِمْ (ʿalayhim)
Root: ع-ل-و (ʿalā = to be high, above).
Form: Preposition + pronoun (them).
Literal meaning: “Upon them / over them.”
Sense: The favor was placed upon these people.
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5. غَيْرِ (ghayri)
Root: غ-ي-ر (ghayr = other than, not, apart from).
Form: Noun in construct (iḍāfah).
Meaning: “Not, other than.”
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6. ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ (al-maghḍūbi)
Root: غ-ض-ب (ghaḍiba = to be angry, wrathful).
Form: Passive participle, genitive.
Literal meaning: “Those who have incurred wrath.”
Lexicon notes:
Lane: “The being affected with anger, indignation.”
Passive form indicates: those upon whom wrath has fallen, not necessarily naming who’s angry (but understood as God).
Metaphorical sense: People who knowingly reject truth, attracting consequences.
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7. عَلَيْهِمْ (ʿalayhim)
Same as above: “upon them.”
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8. وَلَا (walā)
Form: Conjunction + negation.
Meaning: “And not / nor.”
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9. ٱلضَّآلِّينَ (aḍ-ḍāllīn)
Root: ض-ل-ل (ḍalla = to go astray, to lose the way, to wander).
Form: Active participle, plural, genitive.
Literal meaning: “Those who are lost, astray, who miss the path.”
Lexicon notes:
Lane: “To deviate from the right course, to err, to lose the way.”
Can be unintentional (ignorance) or deliberate wandering.
Metaphorical sense: Those who stray from truth, out of confusion, ignorance, or misguidance.
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📝 Word-for-Word Gloss
“The path of those whom You blessed — not those upon whom is wrath, nor those who are astray.”
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📖 Full Smooth Translation
“The path of those You have blessed, not of those who have incurred wrath, nor of those who go astray.”
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🌈 Child-Friendly Explanation
“This verse asks God: ‘Please guide us on the road of good people — the ones You gave kindness and help to. Don’t let us be like those who made You angry because they ignored the truth, or like those who got lost and wandered off the right road.’”
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collected from Mufti Viqar by ADQ(Assamese Decoding Quran)
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